Research progress of drug toxicity mechanism based on the gut microbiota / 药学学报

The exploration of drug toxicity and mechanisms is a vital component in ensuring the safe use of drugs in clinical practice, as this topic has attracted widespread concern. The intestinal flora holds great significance for drug metabolism, efficacy and mechanism, and is an instrumental metabolic organ that facilitates material information transfer and biotransformation. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that intestinal bacteria are closely related to the toxicity of specific drugs. On the one hand, drugs are transformed into toxic metabolites under the influence of intestinal bacteria, thus inducing direct drug toxicity. On the other hand, the composition and function of the intestinal flora are altered under drug influence, resulting in disruption of endogenous metabolic pathways. Consequently, this disruption compromises the intestinal barrier and affects other organs, leading to indirect drug toxicity. This review meticulously compiles recent examples of drug toxicity attributed to intestinal bacteria, explores in depth the contention that metabolic enzymes of gut microbiota may be of great influence on oral drug toxicity, and outlines prospective avenues for future research on gut microbiota and drug toxicity and mechanisms. This not only provides novel perspectives for the judicious clinical utilization of drugs but also offers insights for the safety assessment of innovative pharmaceuticals.

Cloning the full-length CDNA of actin gene and analysing alliinase gene expression in tillering onion

Tillering onion is a herbaceous plant belonging to the Liliaceae family. We cloned the cDNAs of the actin gene (AcACT, GenBank: MF919598) of tillering onion using rapid amplification of the cDNA ends. The full-length cDNA of AcACT was 1,357 bp long with an open reading frame of 1,131 bp encoding 376 amino acids. The amino acid sequence of AcACT shared > 96% similarity with the amino acid sequences of other ACTs and was found (by means of phylogenetic tree analysis) to be closely related to those of Ananas comosus and Papaver somniferum. AcACT expressions showed no significant differences (p > 0.01) in two cultivars L-SH and L-SY over three growth periods and under suitable conditions, low temperature, and short-day conditions. In addition, AcACT was used as an internal reference gene to analyse the expression of the alliinase gene (AcALL). AcALL expression trends in the roots, stems and leaves were consistent with those of diallyl disulphide and diallyl trisulphide. Thus, AcACT is highly conserved and can be used as a suitable internal reference gene when analysing gene expression in tillering onion.

Combined treatment of hyperthyroidism crisis with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, plasma exchange, and continuous renal replacement therapy: One case report / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

To investigate the clinical features,treatment methods,and prognosis of a patient with hyperthyroidism crisis.The clinical characteristics,treatment methods,and prognosis of patients with hyperthyroidism crisis in our department were retrospectively analyzed.The application of adjuvant therapy and its influence on prognosis were summarized.Hyperthyroidism crisis is the most serious complication of those patients.The onset is urgent and the prognosis is poor,which requires the clinician to be vigilant and to interfere as early as possible.The extracorporeal circulation technique removes excessive free thyroxine,reduces the high metabolic state,and ensures safe of the heart.Brain,kidney,and other important organ functions which play important roles in the treatment on proper time.In this case,we finally achieved clinical cure,providing some new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism crisis.

Preparation of microarray-structured polymer film and its effect on 3D cell culture / 生物工程学报

The two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model is currently used to study cellular processes and drug screening for human diseases. However, the growth of cells is affected by many factors. For conventional 2D cell culture, many of the difficulties are encountered in accurately replicating the cell function in three-dimensional (3D) tissues. Compared with 2D cell culture, much attention is paid to the cell-to-cell and cell-matrix interactions for 3D cell culture systems, which can more closely mimic the growth environment for cultured cells. Therefore, the 3D cell culture system was more suitable for a variety of applications such as drug screening and cell proliferation. In this work, we prepared microarray-structured polymer films with different geometric structures by nanoimprint lithography and used the films as cell culture platforms for the culture of 293T cells. Through the adjustment of the surface morphology and water contact angle of the prepared films, the regulation of the morphological changes of cell growth was successfully realized. Experimental results demonstrated that the hydrophilic films with 10 μm-pillar microstructure are applicable to 3D cell culture, whereas the hydrophobic films with 3 μm-pillar microstructure are only suitable for 3D culture of cells with a smaller size and stiff cuticular layer. In addition, cells tended to the formation of spheroids on the hydrophobic films, while cells usually adhered to the surface and grew on the hydrophilic films. This work represents further technological progress in the development of 3D cell culture, thereby facilitating future studies of physiologically relevant processes.

Intense Pulsed Light Increases Hyaluronan and CD44 in Epidermal Keratinocytes and Improves Age-Related Epidermal Structure Defects in Mice

No abstract available.

Effect analysis of hybrid operation for the treatment of intracranial complex ruptured aneurysms / 中国脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the safety and short-term effectiveness of the hybrid operation for the treatment of intracranial complex ruptured aneurysms.Methods From December 2014 to March 2017,14 consecutive patients with complex ruptured aneurysm treated with hybrid operation at the Department of Neurosurgery,Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University were enrolled retrospectively,including 13 with acute spontaneous aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage and 1 with hemorrhage in the recurrent aneurysm embolization.Twelve aneurysms were treated with shape clipping.Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to evaluate the clipping effect of aneurysms.Two patients with aneurysm were treated with extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass and aneurysm trapping.Endovascular balloon occlusion for trapping aneurysms was performed after DSA evaluation of the patency of bridge vessel.Results Of the 14 patients,11 were treated with emergency hybrid operation after angiography,2 were treated with elective surgery,and 1 with emergency surgery for rescue because of bleeding during embolization.DSA revealed that the aneurysm clips in 3 of 12 patients needed to be adjusted,including 2 parent artery stenosis and 1 with incomplete clipping.After adjustment,the clipping was satisfactory.In intracranial and extracranial bypass surgery,angiography revealed that the blood vessels were patent.Trapping of the aneurysms was performed in the one-stage operation.One patient discharged voluntarily after procedure because of serious vasospasm.Onepatient had perfusion pressure breakthrough after surgery and received hematoma evacuation and decompression.The Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score was 3 at discharge.Other patients had no new neurological dysfunction after operation.Thirteen patients were followed up for 3-24 months after operation.There were no new neurological dysfunction,including GOS 5 in 8 cases and 4 in 5 cases.Six patients underwent DSA examination,in 4 of them the aneurysm clipping did not show aneurysm recurrence,and the parent arteries were patent.Two patients treated with vascular bypass.There were no recurrence of aneurysms,and the parent arteries and anastomotic vessels were patent.Conclusion After preliminary observation,using hybrid operation for the treatment of complicated intracranial ruptured aneurysms was safe and effective.

Efficacy and safety of Willis covered stent for treatment of blood blister-like aneurysm / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of Willis covered stent for treatment of blood blister-like aneurysms (BBA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight patients with BBA were treated with Willis covered stent system during the period from December 2014 to February 2016. The guiding catheter was placed as high as possible to facilitate the delivery of the covered stent system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>s Nine covered stents were implanted in the aneurysms of 8 patients (8 aneurysms), and 8 stents were released successfully in the parent arteries. In 6 patients, angiography immediately after stent release showed complete disappearance of the aneurysm and the parent arteries remained patent. One patient experienced a minor endoleak after stent implantation, and another stent was implanted to eliminate the endoleak. Iatrogeniccarotid-cavernous fistula occurred in 1 patient due to tortuosity of the parent artery, for which superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass combined with parent artery occlusion was performed instead; the patient recovered smoothly and the bypass remained patent at 6 months after the operation. No other periprocedural complications occurred in these patients. Follow-up study showed no new-onset neurological deficits in these 8 patients, who had mRS score of 0 in 6 patients and of 1 in 2 patients. Digital subtractive angiography at 6 months after the operation demonstrated no aneurysm in these patients, and only one patient showed mild stenosis in the parent artery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Willis covered stents are effective for treatment of BBA with good safety and short-term outcomes.</p>

Application of CICARE Communication Model in Emergency Nursing / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To explore the effects of CICARE communication model in emergency nursing .Meth-ods:The CICARE communication model was applied from the beginning of administration to rescue and transfer processes .The nurses were required to apply the CICARE communication skill to the whole nursing process through training , scenario simulation , role playing , practice and assessment .Results:The communication ability of nurses and satisfaction of patients improved significantly .Doctor -patient disputes decreased .Conclusions: CICARE communication model , as an effective way of communication plays a important role in promoting the comprehensive quality of nurses and the nursing quality .

Rosiglitazone attenuates cognitive function via altering hippocampal IRS-1/Akt signaling pathways in ob/ob mouse / 中国药理学通报

Aim To identify alteration in key molecular components related to memory formation and insulin signaling in the hippocampus after rosiglitazone was in-jected into the ob/ob mice to test whether cognitive dysfunction was pharmacologically reversed by regula-tion of rosiglitazone. Methods The age-matched mice were divided into three groups ( n=18 ): Saline-trea-ted WT mice ( WT-Saline);Saline-treated ob/ob mice ( ob/ob-Saline) and RSG-treated ob/ob mice ( ob/ob-RSG) through intraperitoneal injection of rosiglitazone ( RSG) . The random glucose levels were measured for 10 days during the intraperitoneal injection period. No-vel object recognition was performed before mice were sacrificed. Western blot was implemented to evaluate the following proteins: BACE1, p-Tau, p-IRS1,IRS1, p-Akt and Akt in hippocampal tissues. The Aβ1-40 levels were detected by ELISA Kit. Results The random blood glucose levels were significantly re-duced in ob/ob-RSG compared with ob/ob-saline. RSG treatment led to an increase in hippocampus-de-pendent cognition of ob/ob mice according to the novel object recognition. The proteins levels of BACE1, p-Tau and Aβ were lowered in RSG-treated ob/ob mice. Furthermore, RSG treatment up-regulated hippocampal p-IRS1/IRS1 and p-Akt/Akt ratio. Conclusion Ros-iglitazone ameliorates cognitive deficits in ob/ob mice through up-regulating insulin signaling pathways in the hippocampus.

The effects of commonly used dental cast metal posts and cores on MRI / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To observe the influence of commonly used dental cast metal posts and cores on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)for head and neck.Methods:Six kinds of posts and cores made of metal alloy (Ni-Cr alloy,Co-Cr alloy,titanium alloy,pure titanium,Pd-Au alloy and Au-Pt alloy)were respectively fixed on the mucosa of left palate of a volunteer.The maxillofacial region of the subjects was scanned by routine head sequences SE-T1WI and TSE-T2WI respectively.Results:ANOVA of factorial design analy-sis indicated significant differences of artifacts among metal materials(F=153.63,PCo-Cr alloy>Ni-Cr alloy>Au-Pt alloy>titanium alloy>pure titanium;two posts and cores>one post and core;SE-T1WI>TSE-T2WI.Conclusion:Different cast metal posts and cores have different influences on MRI artifact.Reasonably choosing the metal materials and scanning sequences can minimize artifacts on MRI.

Effect of oral alloy post and core on magnetic resonance imaging / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aims to observe and compare the influences of the casting alloy post and cores on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six casting alloy post and sores were fabricated for the experimental groups, and zirconia post and core served as the control. The seven types of post and cores were of the same size and shape. Each post and core was orally fastened to a volunteer and then imaged with sequences of T1-weighted spin echo imaging (SE-T1WI), T2-weighted turbo spin-echo imaging (TSE-T2WI), and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cobalt chromium alloy post and core generated severe artifacts, whereas gold palladium alloy post and core generated no obvious artifacts, and no difference was observed between the zirconia and the gold palladium alloy post and cores (P > 0.05). The pure titanium alloy post and core produced mild artifacts. The post and cores of the titanium, nickel-cadmium, and gold platinum alloys generated moderate artifacts with no significant differences (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different metal post and cores have different influences on MRI. With the exception of that generated by cobalt chromium alloy, the artifact generated by the single-alloy post and core does not influence the image of the normal head and neck.</p>

Preventive effects of sevoflurane treatment on lung inflammation in rats

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of sevoflurane treatment on lung inflammation in rats with lipopoIysaccharide-induced acute lung injury (ALI).@*METHODS@#The rat model of ALI was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 45 infantile SD rats [body weight (272±15) g] were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=15): control group, LPS group, sevoflurane group. NS (1 mL/kg) was instillated in rats' airways of control group; LPS (5 mg/kg) was instillated in rats' airways of LPS group. Sevoflurane group rats received sevoflurane (2.4%) inhalation for a hour after LPS was instillated in rats' airways. Six hours after NS or LPS instillation, all rats were exsanguinated. Lung tissues were examined by HE staining. Expressions of TNF-α and ICAM1 mRNA were detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR techniques. The protein level of TNF-α and ICAM1 were assessed by western blot techniques.@*RESULTS@#In LPS group the permeability of lung tissues increased, organizational structure severely damaged and the alveolar wall tumed thick, with interstitial edema and Europhiles infiltrated increasingly. The LPS group had higher mRNA expressions of TNF-α and ICAM1 than control group and sevoflurane group (P<0.05), and LPS group had higher protein level of TNF-α and ICAM1 than control group and sevoflurane group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Sevoflurane treatment can attenuate lung inflammation in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Non-functioning pituitary carcinoma: report of two cases and review of literature / 南方医科大学学报

Pituitary carcinoma is extremely rare. We report two cases of non-functioning pituitary carcinoma treated in our hospital. The two female patients, aged 39 and 40 years, were diagnosed by CT and MRI and postoperative pathological examination. The tumor was surgically resected followed by stereotactic radiotherapy. Despite of the treatments, both of the patients showed tumor recurrence and died at 1 and 2 months after discharge. The diagnosis of this disease relies on a combined evaluation of the clinical, radiological, cytological, immunohistochemical features. Due to the highly malignant nature and poor prognosis of this disease, early surgical intervention and systemic evaluation of the patients' condition are imperative. Currently more effective therapeutic approaches are needed to control the tumor progression.

Deep vein hemodynamics of the lower limbs in obesity / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective To evaluate lower extremity deep venous hemodynamic changes and lower extremity deep venous disease in abdominal obesity.Methods To compare venous flow parameters of the lower limbs as assessed by Duplex ultrasound scanning in obese and nonobese individuals according to body mass index(BMI).Venous hemodynamics were studied in a prospective cohort study in nonobese( BMI ＜ 25 kg/m2) and obese individuals( BMI ＞ 30 kg/m2 ).Diameter,peak,mean,and minimum velocities were assessed.Results The study examined 45 limbs in 24 nonobese individuals and 44 limbs in 22 obese individuals.The diameter of the femoral vein was significantly greater in obese vs nonobese limbs ( 10.4 ± 1.3) mm vs (7.1 ± 1.0) mm,P ＜ 0.01 ).Calculation of venous amplitude and shear stress showed significantly higher values in nonobese vs obese limbs [ ( 11 ± 5 ) vs ( 8 ± 3 ) cm/s ],( P ＜ 0.01 ) and [ (0.50 ± 0.17 ) vs ( 0.30 ± 0.09 ) ] dyn/cm2,( P ＜ 0.01 ).Spearman rank correlation revealed a significant inverse correlation between waist-to-hip ratios and waist circumference and velocities amplitude (peak ve locity-minim velocity),and shear stress.Conclusions Lower limb venous flow parameters differ significantly between obese and nonobese individuals.These findings suggest the mechanical role of abdominal adipose tissue potentially leading to elevated risk for both chronic venous insufficiency and venous thromboembolism.

Effects of Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid on restructuring glomerular microvasculature and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in subtotal nephrectomized rats / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To explore the effects and significance of Huanshuai Recipe Oral Liquid (, HSR), a formula with supplementing qi, nourishing blood and activating blood on restructuring glomerular microvasculature and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in subtotal nephrectomized (SNX) rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 76 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 16 in the sham-operated group and fed with tap water 10 mL/kg per day; 20 in the model group were operated with 5/6 SNX and fed with tap water 10 mL/ kg per day; 20 SNX rats in the HSR group were treated with HSR 10 mL/kg per day; 20 SNX rats in the losartan group were treated with losartan 40 mg/kg per day. Serum creatinine (SCr) and urinary protein excretion (Upro) were examined at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks of the treatment, and the remnant kidneys were harvested. Changes in histological microstructure were evaluated using light microscopy, and the expression of VEGF was detected by using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Upro, microvasculature injury and glomerulosclerosis were found to be alleviated in HSR and Losartan groups, respectively. The change of VEGF expression showed positive correlation with glomerular capillary area and peritubular capillary number (r=0.448, r=0.422, P<0.01), but negative correlation with that of SCr and Upro (r=-0.592, r=-0.481, P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HSR could regulate the VEGF expression, reduce the loss of microvasculature, which demonstrated similar renal protective effects to losartan in SNX rats. Examination of Chinese herbal medicine influence on VEGF signaling and restructuring renal microvasculature may elucidate the molecular mechanism of renal protection to a certain degree.</p>

Effects of a recombinant adenovirus expressing human hypoxia-inducible factor 1α double-mutant on the in vitro differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocytes / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of mutant hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) adenovirus (Adeno-HIF-1α-Ala402-Ala564) on cardiomyocytes (CMCs) differentiation from the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-cultured with CMCs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Following groups were studied: HIF-1α group (MSCs + CMCs + Ad-HIF-1α), LacZ group (MSCs + CMCs + Ad-LacZ), Sham group (MSCs + CMCs + PBS) and MSC + HIF-1α Group (MSCs + Ad-HIF-1α). MSCs were co-cultured with myocardial cells in proportion of MSCs:CMCs 1:2, after 24 hours, cells were infect with virus (MOI = 100) or treated with PBS, cardiac troponin (cTnT) expression in MSCs was detected 7 days post infection by immunochemical analysis, mRNA expression of HIF-1α, TGF-β(1), Smad4, NKx2.5, GATA-4 was also detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HIF-1α increased MSCs differentiation to myocardial cells (differentiation rate 32.68% ± 6.52% vs. 8.28% ± 0.09% in the LacZ group and 10.25% ± 2.20% in the Sham group and 0.32% ± 0.05% in the MSC group (all P < 0.05 vs. HIF-1α group). mRNA expression of HIF, TGF-β(1), Smad4, NKx2.5 and GATA-4 was also significantly upregulated in HIF-1α group all P < 0.05 vs. Sham group).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HIF-1α promoted MSCs, co-cultured with myocardial cells, differentiating to cardiomyocytes via upregulating TGF-β(1)/Smad4 signaling pathway.</p>

Therapeutic application and prospect of Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis in treating renal microvascular lesions / 中国中西医结合杂志

It has been known that the renal microvasular lesions could aggravate the progress of glomerular sclerosis and tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in chronic kidney diseases. Modern pharmacological studies indicated that the two traditional Chinese herbs, Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis, could improve micorvascular lesions through multiple mechanisms, including increasing local renal blood flow to lessen the hypoxic renal injury, promoting the recovery of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate after ischemia-reperfusion, modulating the imbalance of vaso-activators such as nitric oxide and angiotensin, increasing the expression of vascular epithelial growth factor and inhibiting the release of the intracellular calcium ion and promoting DNA synthesis in endothelial cells to improve the function of endothelial cells. These evidences suggest that Astragalus membranaceus and Angelica sinensis may retard the progress of renal diseases through the above-mentioned mechanisms.

Treatment of fractures of extremities with expandable intramedullary nails / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the method and clinical effect of the expandable intramedullary nails on fractures of extremities.@*METHODS@#Nineteen cases of extremities long tubular bone fractures were treated with Fixion expandable intramedullary nails.@*RESULTS@#Nineteen cases were followed up for 4-18 months,all cases healed without any complications.@*CONCLUSION@#The application of expandable intramedullary nails in the treatment of extremity fractures has the advantages of little trauma, simple operation, rigid fixation and high healing rate. It is a good treatment for fractures of extremities.

Relation between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease in essential hypertension / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To assess the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA)and metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods 232 untreated subjects with essential hypertension were divided into two groups(CAD and no CAD)by coronary angiography.All subjects were free of myocardial infarction,cardiomyopathy,valvular disease, atrial fibrillation,aortic dissection,and renal disease.Results Compared to no CAD group,age,diabetes,triglycerides and SUA in CAD group were higher.There was a significant association between SUA and the severity of CAD (P=0. 015).However,after adjustment for concomitant risk factors of cardiovascular disease,SUA was not an independent risk factor of CAD(P=0.151).In sex-specific analysis,there was a trend of SUA to be an independent risk factor of CAD in women(P=0.062),but it was no statistic significance.The highest quartile level of $UA tended to be associated with increased risk for CAD,but it was not statistically significant either(OR=2.52,P=0.075).SUA was closely associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes in woman.Conclusion In untreated patients with essential hyperteusion,SUA was associated with metabolic syndrome and the severity of CAD,but it is not an independent risk factor of CAD,the raised SUA may be only a marker of insulin resistance.

Expression and function relations of p63 in ovarian serous carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To study the expression and function relations of the p63 in ovarian serous carcinoma,and compare them with normal ovary tissue.Methods RT-PCR,in situ hybridization and im- munohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of the p63 in ovarian serous carcinoma,ovarian bor- derline serous tumors,ovarian benign serous tumors and normal ovary tissues.Results All samples ex- pressed p63 mRNA through RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,while the levels of expression in ovarian tu- mors was higher than that of normal ovary.p63 in human borderline and malignant ovarian tumors was higher than that in human benign ovarian tumors with significant difference,which suggested p63 may play great roles in the origin and progression of ovarian tumors.The result of in situ hybridization showed that positive expression rate of p63 mRNA in ovarian cancer (92.1%) was significantly higher than that in normal ovary(0) or LWP ovarian cancer(50.0%).Conclusion Expression of p63 plays an important role in the development of varian carcinoma,and along with the difference of histological stage and clinico-pathological stage,the ex- pression of p63 gene and protein level were different.